Essay on Critique of Humes Analysis of Causality

Critique of Humes Analysis of Causality Humes analyses of human apprehension and of causality were the most penetrating up to his time and continue to have great influence. Contemporary Spanish philosopher Xavier Zubiri (1893-1983) has examined both and identified three underlying errors: (1) the failure to recognize that there are three stages of human intellection, and especially that the first, primordial apprehension, has quite unique characteristics; (2) the attempt to place an excessive burden on the content of impressions while ignoring what Zubiri terms their formality of reality; and (3) the failure to recognize that functionality, not causality, is the basis for most of our knowledge. Causal chains in general cannot be†¦show more content†¦This task Hume undertook in his Treatise of Human Nature, Book I. In Part IV, he is concerned to establish a reason or explanation for our belief in the independent and continuing existence of external things or bodies, for upon this all causal reasoning about such thi ngs must ultimately rest. As is well known, Hume argues that such belief must either come from the senses, reason, or what he terms imagination; and he dismisses the first two, leaving only the last, where he attributes the belief to coherence and constancy of impressions. (1) For the present study, details of Humes argument are not as important as his basic assumptions. One of those assumptions, never explicitly stated but always lurking just beneath the surface, is that all reasoning and understanding of the external world comes from the mind working on the content of sensible impressions, be they pains, pleasures, colors, or sounds. The burden of inferring the existence of things outside of the mind then must fall upon the mind and those processes available to it, because what the senses deliver is inadequate to the task: That our senses offer not their impressions as the images of something distinct, or independent, and external, is evident; because they convey to usShow MoreRelated Metaphysics as Addressed by Kant and Hume Essay1387 Words   |  6 PagesMetaphysics as Addressed by Kant and Hume In the Prolegomena, Kant states that reading David Hume, awakened him from his dogmatic slumber. It was Humes An Inquiry Concerning Human Understanding that made Kant aware of issues and prejudices in his life that he had previously been unaware of. This further prompted Kant to respond to Hume with his own analysis on the theory of metaphysics. Kant did not feel that Hume dealt with these matters adequately and resolved to pick up where Hume had left offRead MoreEssay on Analysis of Hume’s Critique of Causation1825 Words   |  8 PagesAnalysis of Hume’s Critique of Causation Sometimes it is hard to be sure what conclusion to draw from a Humean analysis, and he is easy to misrepresent. This is partly because one argument he is engaged in may raise a number of related issues that he has dealt with elsewhere, and some of his points seem contradictory. My wish is to consider some of the possible readings of David Hume’s critique of causation, as it appears in Section VII of the Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, â€Å"On NecessaryRead MoreEssay on Inconsistencies in Humes Empirical Thought2264 Words   |  10 PagesInconsistencies in Humes Empirical Thought    In his Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, David Hume attempts to uncover the ultimate truth about where our knowledge comes from.   This leads him to suggest that all our ideas and knowledge arise from outward experiences and sensations.   He attempts to prove this by solving the problem of induction.   I disagree with Humes ideas, and in this essay I will explain why.   I shall begin by explaining the problem of induction, and the scepticalRead More Al-Ghazà ¢là ®, Causality, and Knowledge Essay3905 Words   |  16 PagesAl-Ghazà ¢là ®, Causality, and Knowledge ABSTRACT: Few passages in Arabic philosophy have attracted as much attention as al-Ghazà ¢là ®s discussion of causality in the seventeenth discussion of Tahà ¢fut al-Falsafa, along with the response of Ibn Rushd (Averroà «s) in his Tahà ¢fut al-Tahà ¢fut. A question often asked is to what extent al-Ghazà ¢là ® can be called an occasionalist; that is, whether he follows other Kalà ¢m thinkers in restricting causal agency to God alone. What has not been thoroughly addressedRead More Immanuel Kant’s Metaphysics Essay3676 Words   |  15 Pagesthe CPR . . . will look forward with delight to metaphysics, which is now indeed in his power.† Yet the image of an â€Å"Alleszermalmer† persists, who dismantled the foundations of a philosophical edifice which had barely withstood the ravagement of Hume’s onslaught on its â€Å"occult fancies†! These discrepancies should make us wonder how one of the three greatest thinkers of all time could be so far deluded as to miss the outcome and import of his efforts! I propose to consider this problematic issue

Biology Lab Report - 840 Words

Screening and Cloning Of Bacterial ÃŽ ²-Glucosidase Gene That Can Degrade Salicin from NIF and Virulent Bacteria Hanan H. Ahmed Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering Biotechnology Institute, Minufiya University Sadat City, Egypt Abstract Two ÃŽ ²- glucosidase genes in Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifloii able to utilize Salicin. SamI fragments (2 and 3 kbp) from Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Trifloii were expressed in E. coli HC1061. Transformed clones with ÃŽ ²- glucosidase activity were selected by using Congo Red stain plate assay. Restriction enzyme analysis of recombinant plasmid indicated that the positive clones were contained the 2 and 3 kbp DNA inserts. The E. coliHC1061 transformed with 2 or 3 kbp fragment†¦show more content†¦Two types of pattern were obtained, the relative ability of each gene to cleave coniferin was assessed. Clones containing Agrobacterium tumefaciens B3/73 DNA rapidly and completely hydrolyzed coniferin to coniferyl alcohol. Over the same period, type 2 clones were completely inactive. The different substrate specificities of clones were also evident from their ability to grow on cellobiose Agrobacterium tumefaciens B3/73 was able to use cellobiose as the sole carbon source . Escherichia coli DH5ÃŽ ± and type 1 clones were not able to grow on cellobiose. Other clones were able to utilize cellobiose, but grew very slowly (Linda et al., 1992). The 5.7-kb HindIlI fragment common to all type 1 clones was purified and ligated into pBR322. Clones with inserts in either orientation were able to cleave X-glucose, indicating that the entire ÃŽ ²-glucosidase gene was probably located within this insert. An EcoRI, BamHI, BglII, and PstI restriction map of the insert showed that a 3.5-kb BamHI-PstI fragment with an internal PstI site was found to have the activity to cleave X-glucose when cloned into pUC19. The sequence surrounding the EcoRI site in the pUC19: 3.5-kb BamHI-PstI clone and the sequence were done. (Linda et al., 1992). Woodward and Wiseman (1982) reported that there are two constitutive, ÃŽ ²-glucosidase genes in AgrobacteriumShow MoreRelatedBiology Lab : Lab Report Essay777 Words   |  4 PagesLab 9: Pea Genetics Lab Report Zach Freeland : Section 03 : BIOS 210 Fundamentals of Cellular Biology Lab Title: †¢ Gathering Data on the Different Traits of the Garden Pea (Pisum Sativum), Organizing the Dominant/Recessive Phenotypes of 60 F2 Offspring and Determining Whether the Null Hypothesis is Rejected or Accepted Using the Chi-Square Test. Introduction: †¢ This lab had 2 exercises. Exercise 9.1 involved observing pictures of 60 F2 offspring and recording the phenotypes for 6 different traitsRead MoreBiology Lab Report902 Words   |  4 PagesAbstract: Background: High blood glucose fluctuation (BGF) contributes in chronic complications by promoting the dysfunction of vascular endothelium in diabetes. MicroRNA (miR)-34 family is known for its roles in the pathophysiology of diverse diseases including type 2 diabetes. However, the action of BGF on the expression of these miRs in diabetes is unknown. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effects of BGF on the pathogenesis of diabetes and the possible involvement of miR-34 family in vivoRead MoreBiology Lab Report797 Words   |  4 Pageswas not significant enough to make comparisons and was subject to error. Valid relationships between the tested variables could not be supported and the hypothesis presented in this study was not proven. Introduction The underlying purpose of this report was to determine if there is an association between enzyme production, gene copy number, and gene evolution (Tracey 2017, p.22). This research question was explored by conducting analysis of the salivary amylase enzyme, AMY1A gene copy number, andRead MoreCell Biology Lab Report1043 Words   |  4 PagesBIO-2B06 Cell Biology Lab Report: Cell Adhesion Introduction As Akiyama suggests, cell-Cell interactions with solid substrates is important for their migration, proliferation, differentiation and their anchorage. Cells have the ability to attach or adhere, migrate and spread on a variety of glycoproteins located outside the cell, this occurs due to the presence of specific cell surface receptors, and example being integrins. 1 Integrins, as is again suggested by Akiyama, are non-covalent, heterodimericRead MoreIb Biology Lab Report4823 Words   |  20 PagesI. Parts of a Lab Report 1. Introduction: a. Title b. Research Question c. Hypothesis d. Variables e. Control of Variables 2. Materials Methods a. Materials b. Method 3. Data a. Data b. raw data c. uncertainty d. presentation e. processing data f. Graphs 4. Results/Conclusion a. Conclusion 5. Discussion a. Evaluation 6. References II. Other Help errors and uncertainty A. Design [pic] I. Research QuestionRead MoreBiology Lab Report 7727 Words   |  3 PagesComparing The Resting Heart Rate and Recovery Time Of Males And Females After Physical Activity Devyn Jones 26 September 2014 Biology 140 Section 38 Dr. Maria Gainey Abstract In this study we tested to see whether or not males have a lower resting pulse rate and if males have a faster pulse recovery time after engaging in physical activity. The experiment groups are the males and females of the class. The experiment involves walking up and down a flight of stair s and recoding your pulseRead MoreLab Report On The Biology Department921 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction The Biology Department requested the identity of seven different samples. The aqueous ionic solutions were sent to be disposed of by the company Enviro Safe, Inc. However, the shipment containing seven, five-gallon carboys, was labeled Experiment 9 and did not include the names of solutions. The faculty in the Biology Department was unfamiliar with the contents but was able to locate a pre-laboratory notebook dated ten years prior, the notes only revealed that eight unknown solutionsRead MoreMarine Biology Lab Report751 Words   |  4 Pages2. Temporal variability of alkaline earth metals in seawater: implication for variation in geochemical cycling Ocean plays a key role in geochemical cycling of alkaline earth metals that are directly connected to the global C-cycle. Hence secular variation of elemental and concentrations and isotopic compositions of seawater can reflect major changes in the lithosphere and the atmosphere over geologic time. Consequently, elemental and isotopic composition of marine chemical sediments (e.g., carbonatesRead MoreBiology Beetroot Lab Report2895 Words   |  12 Pagesusing this knowledge gained. A risk assessment has been conducted in the process of planning this investigation and the possible risks may be glass breakage or burnt by hot water. These dangers can be prevented with more careful actions around the lab. It is also essential that safety glasses are worn during the entire course of the experiment. Method: 1. Take all safety precautions: wear safety glasses, hair tied back, wear close-toed shoes, ensure a clear surrounding with no obstacles inRead MoreBiology Osmosis Lab Report Essay1890 Words   |  8 PagesOsmosis Lab Report by Evan Gerber Claire Cambron First Lab Report Wednesday 10:30am February 20, 2013 Theresa Gburek Abstract The major objective of the experiment was to test the effect of the concentration gradient on the diffusion rate. It was hypothesized that the greater the stronger the concentration gradient, the faster the rate of diffusion would be. To test this, dialysis tubes were submerged in different concentration fructose solutions. We weighed the tubes at specific

Cause And Effect Essay On Smoking Example For Students

Cause And Effect Essay On Smoking Microsoft Windows 98 README for Online Services and Internet Service ProvidersApril 1998 (c) Copyright Microsoft Corporation, 1998HOW TO USE THIS DOCUMENTTo view the document on-screen in Notepad, maximize the Notepad window. To print Services.txt, open it in Notepad, and then on the File menu, click Print. CONTENTSOVERVIEWPRODUCT SUPPORT AND PAYMENTSTO SET UP A NEW ACCOUNTTO SET UP YOUR COMPUTER TO USE AN EXISTING ACCOUNTOVERVIEW========The online services and Internet service providers (ISPs) listed in this folder are made available for your convenience. You can select any of the available online services or Internet service providers you like. PRODUCT SUPPORT AND PAYMENTS============================By selecting an online service or Internet service provider (ISP) listed in this folder, you are establishing an account with that company directly, not with Microsoft Corporation. The service you select can provide you with specific payment instructions. Microsoft does not provide technical support for the services that your online service or ISP renders. If you have any questions concerning a particular online services or Internet service providers policies or content, contact them directly. Technical Support contact information for the online services/ISPs in this folder are listed below. America Online (in the U.S.)-Telephone:Technical Support: 1 (800) 827-3338Sales and Billing: 1 (800) 827-6364America Online (in the U.K.)-Telephone: Technical Support Customer Service Centre: 0800 279-7444General Inquiries: 0800 376-5432Online:Further information about terms and conditions are available online. AOL Canada (in Canada)-Telephone:Technical Support: 1 888 265-4357General Inquiries: 1 888 265-4357Online:Further information about terms and conditions are available online. ATT WorldNet Service Telephone (U.S., Puerto Rico, and U.S. Virgin Islands):Technical Support: 1 800 400-1447General Inquiries: 1 800 967-5363Online:Members should get support at http://www.worldnet.att.net/careGeneral information for non-members is available at http://www.att.netCompuServe (in the U.S. and Canada)Telephone:Customer Service: 1 (800) 848-8990Signup Support: 1 (800) 336-6823Online:To access online assistance, type GO MEMBER. CompuServe (in the U.K.)Telephone:Customer Service:0990 000-400Signup Support:0990 134-819Technical Support:0990 000-100Online:To access online assistance, type GO MEMBER. For real-time technical support, type GO UKHF to access the UK Help Forum. The Microsoft Network (MSN)Telephone:Dial 888-MSN-TIPS (888-676-8477) for FastTips on MSN issues. Customer Service:Australia 02 9934 9000Canada (English) 800-386-5550Canada (French) 800-952-1110Canada TDD (English) 800-840-9890United Kingdom 0345 000 111United States 800-386-5550United States TDD 800-840-9890If you are calling from a country not listed above, dial 44 181 607 0012 for English-language Customer assistance. Technical Support:Australia 02 9934 9000Canada (English) 425-635-7019Canada (French) 425-635-7020Canada TDD (English) 425-635-4948United Kingdom 0345 000 111United States 425-635-7019United States TDD 425-635-4948If you are calling from a country not listed above, dial 44 181 607 0012 for English-language Technical assistance. Online:Click MSN Member Support E-mail to send in your question. Prodigy Internet-Telephone (U.S. and Canada only):Customer Service: 1 (800) 213-0992Signup Support: 1 (800) 213-0992Online:To access online assistance, go to HELP. TO SET UP A NEW ACCOUNT=======================If you decide to select one of the online services or Internet service providers listed in this document, click the icon for that particular online service or Internet service provider in the Online Services folder on the desktop. This begins the installation process for setting up access to that service on your computer. TO SET UP YOUR COMPUTER TO USE AN EXISTING ACCOUNT==================================================If you already have an account established with one of the online services or Internet service providers listed in this document, click the icon for that particular service in the Online Services folder on the desktop to begin the installation process for use with your existing account. Each online service/ISP is responsible for the way this process is handled.

Social Dimensions In Management Essays - Human Resource Management

Social Dimensions In Management Table of Contents: 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Managers responsibility in the office and in society. 3.0 Employees responsibility in the office and in society. 4.0 Changing for the future. 5.0 Who is affected and to what degree. 6.0 Conclusion and Summary 7.0 Bibliography. ------------------------------------------------------- 1.0 Introduction Management is the process of planning, organizing and staffing, directing and controlling activities in an organization in a systematic way in order to achieve a specific goal. From time in memorial, society has undergone the management process. For example, in the African context, the chiefs led the clan and either the Prince or a Chief Warrior led the warriors. Comparing this scenario to the Western world, take for example Britain and Spain was and is led by the Queen and King respectively while the United States was and is led by a President. From the above it is a clear indication that they were appointed and had responsibilities and duties (as clear as any organization would refer to its leaders). Social dimensions in management refer to both the societal changes as well as managerial changes that affect the working environment. This paper is written to tackle these changes from all angles. 2.0 Managers responsibility in the office and in society. A managers responsibility both in the office and out there is to uphold his duties both as an employee of an organization and as a member of society. Society is fundamentally based upon performance and profit, it is not unusual to find that it is necessary to impart a sense of corporate responsibility with regard to contemporary commerce. The ethical approaches of purpose, principle and consequence are integral components of business social performance; itemizing these contributions finds one incorporating the interests of ethics and morality within the corporate structure, essential concepts that are often absent from a managerial viewpoint. However, corporate social responsibility should rightly exist within every companys infrastructure. Social integrity is not something that is often at the forefront of modern day business dealings. Ethics, business and society must work together as they go hand in hand and without all of them, then there cannot be existence for either. Ethical c oncerns ran rampant among various entities, posing questions along the way as to whether a particular practice is deemed morally acceptable. It gets in the way of resolving questions like: What is ethical concern? Am I being true to myself? Why is this bothering me? Is it my problem? (RUIN, 1997, p. PG) According to the books article on this matter, establishing proper ethical guidelines ?V and therefore appropriate corporate social responsibility ?V must come from management perspective, which is where policies are derived. The moral argument that helps managers to choose among competing duties based upon the best consequences must inevitably oblige managers to do that which is best 3.0 Employees responsibility in the office and in society. In most cases, the employee is the one who is mainly affected by the changes occurring in the economic world. Whatever he does is affected by the economic situation of any one given country of location. It is in this regard, therefore, that an employee must look into ways of effectively carrying out his duties. Gone are the days when one employee could keep his job for a very long period of time even though his level of performance is not to the desired degree. Due to high competition in the market, the employee has been forced to enhance his capabilities in both the society and the working environment. When employees set out an advertisement in order to acquire people who can then be interviewed for a post, the ones who usually succeed in passing the interview and acquiring the jobs are the people who are competent in their field of study, have working experience, who are extroverts by nature, who have good decision making skills, who can work with others, have the ability to lead, not to mention, who are involved in projects that are there to help the society at large. These are the major responsibilities that are required from any individual both in the working environment and in the social environment. 4.0 Changing for the future. During the past few decades we have seen a shift from Industrial Work to Information Technology work. Today, a workers real